The main difference between a pelton turbine and a turgo turbine is that turgo turbines use single cups instead of double cups on the wheel. It was invented by lester allan pelton in the 1870s. Designed in 1919 by the grandfather of gilkes current chairman, the turgo concept was a side entry impulse turbine which would run, typically, at twice the speed of a pelton turbine. Pelton turbines download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The type of plastic used to fabricate this pelton wheel will determine the sizescalepower of the turbine. It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser. Pelton turbine nozzle materials parts that are exposed for water stainless steel c 4r ni 16c 5r ni other parts. In the impulse turbines, the total head available is first converted into the kinetic energy. Click download or read online button to get pelton turbines book now. Pelton wheel is the commonly used hydraulic turbine of the impulse type. Fabrication of pelton wheel turbine mechanical project. Pelton hydro turbine high performing turbines for heads ranging from 200m to 1,800m based on vast field experience, ge offers vertical shaft machines equipped with multijet collectors for an output up to 350 mw and with runner diameters up to 4m. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1.
Motor is attached as a prototype there is need to attach real motor beacause it is the real project which convert fluid energy to electrical energy. The literature on pelton turbine design available is scarce. The pelton turbine consists of three basic components as shown in figure 1. The water collected in tail race should not submerge the pelton wheel in any case.
Pelton turbine among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. The inlet flow of the jet entering the rotating buckets of a pelton wheel turbine is considered with respect to jet flow impact and the. Effect of the bucket and nozzle dimension on the performance of a. The components of pelton wheel turbine are as follows.
Each cad and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or realworld item, product, or good it may purport to portray. When a high speed water jet injected through a nozzle hits the buckets of pelton wheel. Summary of theory pelton wheel turbine is an impulse type of hydraulic turbine. Theory a pelton wheel is a tangential impulse turbine, and water strikes its buckets as a free jet atmospheric pressure with a high velocity. These pipes are usually made of steel or reinforced concrete. Pelton wheel is the preferred turbine for hydropower when the available water source has a relatively high hydraulic head at low flow rates.
Gilkes are the original designers of the turgo impulse turbine. The water turbines converts the energy possesed by the water to mechanical energy. Fabrication of pelton wheel turbine mechanical project abstract a pelton wheel impulse turbine is a hydro mechanical energy conversion device which converts gravitational energy of elevated water into mechanical work. The pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to waters dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Impulse turbines are ideally suited for high head and relatively low power. Turbine lab pelton wheel turbine objective the performance characteristics of.
Apart from some energy lost to friction can be introduced by a bucket ef. In the impulse turbine, all the energy available in the fluid is converted into kinetic energy in a nozzle. Pdf a reference pelton turbine design researchgate. Draft tube cone runner lower cover upper cover turbine shaft. The runner consists of multiple buckets mounted on a rotating wheel. Turbine is a general term for any device that extracts mechanical energy from a fluid generally converting it to rotating energy of a turbine wheel. It has a large wheel or runner that has buckets turbine blades that absorb the energy in the water. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical. It is good for applications with high pressure head and low flow. This is my practcial based semester project and also wite reseach paper on it. Following are the aspects to be considered while designing the pelton wheel turbine. Turgo turbine is an impulsive water turbine and handles flow rates more than the flow rates of pelton turbine handles. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water potential energy.
The pelton turbine bought by the museum is an impulse turbine. Design, modeling, and cfd analysis of a micro hydro pelton. At the outlet of the runner, the water pressure and velocity are very low so almost all the fluid energy has been converted to shaft work. Governing mechanism of pelton turbine pdf runner with bucket.
Many earlier variations of impulse turbines existed, but they were less efficient than peltons design. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine with tangential flow the water hits its wheel at a tangent. Pelton wheel turbine is one of the famous turbines which are mostly used for the hydro plants suraj. The ideal pelton runner absolute velocity from nozzle.
In a hydroelectric power plant, this is used to drive the generator of the turbine and that generator generates the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. Turgo turbine turgo impulse turbine 16 models available. Browse our document library, and download ge reference documents gers, fact sheets, images, and more. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Pelton turbine or pelton wheel, an impulse turbine, is one of the wellknown type of water turbines. This mechanical work is converted into electrical energy by means of running an electrical generator. Learn more about renewable energys efficient hydro turbines. The total drop in pressure of the fluid takes place in stationary nozzles. However, the most likely approach will be to print this object in plastic such as pla, and create a mold, from which the wheel can be cast in stronger materials such as metal or resin. Many earlier variations of impulse turbines existed, but they were less efficient than pelton s design. Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine in which the pressure energy of water is converted into kinetic energy to form high speed water jet and this jet strikes the wheel tangentially to make it rotate. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation.
I used a bearing of 21 mm external diameter and 12 mm internal diameter so that it can rotate around the shaft. Onestage power turbine preliminary design and analysis scielo. If the vane moves towards the jet, the water gains speed. Kaplan turbine spiral casing runner guide vanes stay vanes draft tube cone. As the equations indicate, when a real pelton wheel is working close to maximum efficiency, the fluid flows off the wheel with very little residual velocity. This work presents the design of the power turbine, its. Me3l fluid mechanic lab manual draft 1 pelton wheel hydraulic turbine. To generate more power, two pelton wheels can be arranged to a single shaft or two water jets can be directed at a time to a single pelton wheel. A wheel power divided by the initial jet power, is the turbine efficiency. This paper addresses the design, modeling, and performance analysis of a pelton turbine using cfd for one of the selected micro hydro potential sites in ethiopia to meet the requirements of the energy demands. Even though the pelton turbine is more than a 100yearold invention, there is still a lack of. The explanation of the above components is as follows. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Save the files in mrawformat, and choose the highest bit depth, to save the most.
Lecture on pelton turbine indian institute of technology. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Hydroelectric turbines can range up to 900 mw to meet your hydropower needs. Due to its simplicity the pelton turbines is the most widely used turbine in the world. It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera. To determine specific speed, ns, for the turbine at design head of 15m 2. In the pelton turbine water jets impacts on the blades of the turbine. The design process starts with the design of initial dimensions for the runner based on different literatures. Pelton turbine evaluation university of iowa college of. Solidworks tutorial how to design a pelton turbine in. To obtain characteristics curves graph for qu, pu, efficiency vs nu at full,46and 26 gate openings forgiven pelton wheel. Turbines having different types of vanes or buckets or blades mounted on a wheel called runner.
The fluid power is converted into kinetic energy in the nozzles. Looking for downloadable 3d printing models, designs, and cad files. Pelton wheel is used for high water head and low discharge. Depending on water flow and design, pelton wheels can operate with heads as. The most common application of them is the production of energy at hydroelectric plants.
For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The resulting jet of water is directed tangentially at buckets on the wheel producing impulsive force on them. Pelton turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. A pelton wheel is an impulsetype water turbine invented by lester allan pelton in the 1870s. Not a big problem upstream of turbine in reaction turbines high velocities, combined with lower pressures at downstream end need to seat turbines as low as possible to ensure do not get near cavitation pressures no problems in impulse turbines pelton wheel very similar to cavitation in pumps. Tailrace which is a channel carrying water away from the turbine after the water has worked on the turbines. Download pelton wheel turbine pdf at the end of the article.
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